The Struts 2 framework provides built-in support for processing file
uploads using "Form-based File Upload in HTML". When a file is uploaded
it will typically be stored in a temporary directory and they should be
processed or moved by your Action class to a permanent directory to
ensure the data is not lost.
Note that servers may have a security policy in place that
prohibits you from writing to directories other than the temporary
directory and the directories that belong to your web application.
File uploading in Struts is possible through a pre-defined interceptor called FileUpload
interceptor which is available through the
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor class and included
as part of the defaultStack. Still you can use that in your struts.xml to set various paramters as we will see below.
Create view files:
Let us start with creating our view which will be required to browse and upload a selected file. So let us create a index.jsp with plain HTML upload form that allows the user to upload a file:<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<label for="myFile">Upload your file</label>
<input type="file" name="myFile" />
<input type="submit" value="Upload"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
There are couple of points worth noting in the above example. First of all, the form's enctype is set to multipart/form-data.
This should be set so that file uploads are handled successfully by the
file upload interceptor. The next point noting is the form's action
method upload and the name of the file upload field - which is myFile. We need this information to create the action method and the struts configuration.Next let us create a simple jsp file success.jsp to display the outcome of our file upload in case it becomes success.
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Success</title>
</head>
<body>
You have successfully uploaded <s:property value="myFileFileName"/>
</body>
</html>
Following will be the result file error.jsp in case there is some error in uploading the file:<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Error</title>
</head>
<body>
There has been an error in uploading the file.
</body>
</html>
Create action class:
Next let us create a Java class called uploadFile.java which will take care of uploading file and storing that file at a secure location:package com.tecra.struts2;
import java.io.File;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class uploadFile extends ActionSupport{
private File myFile;
private String myFileContentType;
private String myFileFileName;
private String destPath;
public String execute()
{
/* Copy file to a safe location */
destPath = "C:/apache-tomcat-6.0.33/work/";
try{
System.out.println("Src File name: " + myFile);
System.out.println("Dst File name: " + myFileFileName);
File destFile = new File(destPath, myFileFileName);
FileUtils.copyFile(myFile, destFile);
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public File getMyFile() {
return myFile;
}
public void setMyFile(File myFile) {
this.myFile = myFile;
}
public String getMyFileContentType() {
return myFileContentType;
}
public void setMyFileContentType(String myFileContentType) {
this.myFileContentType = myFileContentType;
}
public String getMyFileFileName() {
return myFileFileName;
}
public void setMyFileFileName(String myFileFileName) {
this.myFileFileName = myFileFileName;
}
}
The uploadFile.java is a very simple class. The important
thing to note is that the FileUpload interceptor along with the
Parameters Intercetpor does all the heavy lifting for us. The FileUpload
interceptor makes three parameters available for you by default. They
are named in the following pattern:- [your file name parameter] - This is the actual file that the user has uploaded. In this example it will be "myFile"
- [your file name parameter]ContentType - This is the content type of the file that was uploaded. In this example it will be "myFileContentType"
- [your file name parameter]FileName - This is the name of the file that was uploaded. In this example it will be "myFileFileName"
Configuration files:
Following are the Struts2 configuration properties that control file uploading process:| SN | Properties & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | struts.multipart.maxSize The maximum size (in bytes) of a file to be accepted as a file upload. Default is 250M. |
| 2 | struts.multipart.parser The library used to upload the multipart form. By default is jakarta |
| 3 | struts.multipart.saveDir The location to store the temporary file. By default is javax.servlet.context.tempdir. |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="1000000" />
<package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default">
<action name="upload" class="com.tutorialspoint.struts2.uploadFile">
<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
Because FileUpload interceptor is a part of the defaultStack
of interceptors, we do not need to configure it explicity. But you can
add <interceptor-ref> tag inside <action>. The fileUpload
interceptor takes two parameters (a) maximumSize and (b) allowedTypes.
The maximumSize parameter sets the maximum file size allowed (the
default is approximately 2MB).The allowedTypes parameter is a
comma-separated list of accepted content (MIME) types as shown below:<action name="upload" class="com.tutorialspoint.struts2.uploadFile"> <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"> <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"> <param name="allowedTypes">image/jpeg,image/gif</param> </interceptor-ref> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error">/error.jsp</result> </action>Following is the content of web.xml file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>Struts 2</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
Now Right click on the project name and click Export > WAR File
to create a War file. Then deploy this WAR in the Tomcat's webapps
directory. Finally, start Tomcat server and try to access URL
http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/upload.jsp. This will give you
following screen:
Error Messages:
The fileUplaod interceptor uses several default error message keys:| SN | Error Message Key & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | struts.messages.error.uploading A general error that occurs when the file could not be uploaded. |
| 2 | struts.messages.error.file.too.large Occurs when the uploaded file is too large as specified by maximumSize. |
| 3 | struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed Occurs when the uploaded file does not match the expected content types specified. |
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